// How many "A"s?
#include <iostream.h>

int A; // global variable

int by_val(int A) {A=A*A; return A;} // A is a parameter passed by value

int by_ref(int &A) {A=A*A; return A;} // A is a paremeter passed by reference

int none(void) {A=A*A; return A;} // A must be global

void main(void) {
  char junk;
  int a = 2; // local variable
  A=2;

  cout << "by_val(2): " << by_val(2) << "\n";
  cout << "by_val(a): " << by_val(a); cout << " a: " << a << "\n";
  cout << "by_val(A): " << by_val(A); cout << " A: " << A;

  cout << "\n\nExample 1"; cin >> junk; cout << "\n";


  // cout << "by_ref(2): " << by_ref(2) << "\n";
  cout << "by_ref(a): " << by_ref(a); cout << " a: " << a << "\n";
  cout << "by_ref(A): " << by_ref(A); cout << " A: " << A;

  cout << "\n\nExample 2"; cin >> junk; cout << "\n";

  cout << "none(): " << none(); cout << " A: " << A;
  cout << "\n\nExample 3"; cin >> junk; cout << "\n";

}